Intestinal ultrasound in Crohn’s disease: A systematic review of its role in diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment response

Table 10 Summary of studies evaluating correlation of endoscopy and intestinal ultrasound

Ref.	Study type	Number of patients	Treatment	IUS predictors	Colonoscopy score	Follow up	Time points of IUS	Therapeutic outcomes
Sævik et al[133], 2022	Prospective	145 CD	5-ASA, azathioprine, methotrexate, steroids, biologics	BWT, CDS	SES-CD	Cross sectional		BWT sensitivity and specificity 92.2 % and 86 % CDS sensitivity and specificity 66.7 % and 97.7%
Dragoni et al[65], 2023	Prospective	73 CD	5-ASA, IMS, anti-TNF, ustekinumab, vedolizumab	IBUS-SAS, BUSS, Simple-US, SUS-CD	SES-CD Rutgreets score	Cross sectional	Within 6 weeks	IUS scores showed significant correlation with endoscopy (IBUS-SAS highest) (AUC 0.95, sensitivity 82%, specificity 100% for cut off 25.2)
Lim et al[134], 2023	Prospective, cross sectional	51 IBD	Not mentioned specifically	BWT, BWS, vascularity, mesenteric fat, complications	SES-CD, UCEIS	Cross sectional		IUS sensitivity 67%, specificity 97% foe endoscopically active disease. Highest sensitivity (100%) ans specificity (95%) in transverse colon

ASA: Amino salicylic acid; CD: Crohn’s disease; TNF: Tumor necrosis factor; BWT: Bowel wall thickness; CDS: Colour doppler signal; IUS: Intestinal ultrasound; SES-CD: Simple endoscopic score Crohn’s disease; BWS: Bowel wall stratification; UCEIS: Ulcerative colitis endoscopic index of severity; IMS: Immunosuppressants; AUC: Area under the curve; IBUS-SAS: International bowel ultrasound segmental activity score; SUS-CD: Simple ultrasound score- Crohn’s disease; IBD: Inflammatory bowel diseases.