Comprehensive analysis of sodium polystyrene sulfonate-induced colitis: A systematic review

Table 1 Baseline features in 59 patients with colitis induced by polystyrene

Variable	Patients, n = 59 (100%)
Mean age (yr) (SD)	60.6 ± 16.6
Sex (male)	35 (60.3)
Signals and symptoms
Abdominal pain	35 (60.3)
Bloating	18 (31)
Hematochezia	18 (31)
Constipation	7 (12)
Diarrhea	7 (12)
Hypotension	6 (10.3)
Melena	4 (6.9)
Fatigue	4 (6.9)
Fever	4 (6.9)
Vomiting	4 (6.9)
Pneumoperitoneum	3 (5.1)
Gastrointestinal involvement
Cecum	18 (31)
Rectum	15 (25.8)
Small intestine	13 (22.4)
Transverse colon	10 (17.2)
Ascendent colon	9 (15.5)
Sigmoid	9 (15.5)
Descendent colon	8 (13.7)
Pancolitis	3 (5.1)
Stomach	2 (3.4)
Mean potassium levels (mmol/L) (SD)	6.5 ± 0.98
Comorbidities
Chronic kidney disease	37 (63.7)
Hypertension	20 (34.4)
Type 2 diabetes	12 (20.6)
Peripheral arterial disease	7 (12)
Coronary artery disease	6 (10.3)
Polystyrene type
Calcium (Kalimate)	11 (18.9)
Sodium (Kayexalte)	47 (81)
Mean polystyrene dose (g) (SD)	83.6 ± 70
Administration route
Per os	38 (65.5)
Retal	5 (8.6)
Per os and retal	3 (5.1)
Mean time of onset symptoms (d) (SD)	5.5 ± 6.9
Biopsy	51 (87.9)
Treatment
Surgery	29 (50)
Outcomes
Recovery	39 (67.2)
Death	12 (20.6)
Mean time to outcome (d) (SD)	36.7 ± 35.5