Changes and significance of serum ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase L1 and glial fibrillary acidic protein in patients with glioma

Table 1 Comparison of serum ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1 and glial fibrillary acidic protein levels between the glioma and control groups

Group	n	Time	UCH-L1 (pg/mL)	GFAP (ng/L)
Glioma group	91	Preoperative	96.89 ± 17.15a	16.69 ± 2.16a
		3 d after surgery	72.15 ± 12.33a,d	7.53 ± 1.74a,d
Control group	60		60.17 ± 10.78	1.16 ± 0.25

^aP < 0.05 vs the control group.

^dP < 0.05 vs the glioma group three days after surgery.

UCH-L1: Ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1; GFAP: Glial fibrillary acidic protein.

Table 2 Analysis of the relationship between preoperative serum ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1 and glial fibrillary acidic protein levels and clinicopathological characteristics in the patients with glioma

Clinicopathological features	UCH-L1 (pg/mL)	GFAP (ng/L)
Gender
Male (n = 49)	95.89 ± 16.79	16.58 ± 2.14
Female (n = 42)	98.05 ± 17.69	16.82 ± 2.20
t value	0.597	0.515
P value	0.552	0.608
Age (yr)
< 40 (n = 44)	99.78 ± 18.42	17.03 ± 2.29
≥ 40 (n = 47)	94.19 ± 15.58	16.37 ± 2.01
t value	1.566	1.483
P value	0.121	0.141
Pathological type
Glioblastoma (n = 76)	98.12 ± 17.14	16.84 ± 2.16
Medulloblastoma (n = 15)	90.65 ± 16.35	15.92 ± 2.04
t value	1.554	1.512
P value	0.124	0.134
Tumor location
Frontal lobe (n = 41)	95.28 ± 16.24	16.50 ± 2.09
Temporal lobe (n = 39)	99.14 ± 17.59	16.97 ± 2.21
Other locations (n = 11)	94.93 ± 19.56	16.39 ± 2.29
F value	0.582	0.592
P value	0.561	0.555
Tumor grade
WHO I-II grade (n = 33)	78.89 ± 5.05	14.39 ± 0.84
WHO III-IV grade (n = 58)	107.13 ± 12.48	18.01 ± 1.47
t value	12.402	12.900
P value	< 0.000	< 0.001
Tumor diameter
≤ 5 cm (n = 19)	75.23 ± 3.04	13.80 ± 0.59
> 5 cm (n = 72)	102.61 ± 14.55	17.45 ± 1.73
t value	8.123	9.006
P value	< 0.001	< 0.001
Number of lesions
Single (n = 70)	97.57 ± 17.70	16.77 ± 2.25
Multiple (n = 21)	94.63 ± 15.37	16.43 ± 1.84
t value	0.685	0.619
P value	0.495	0.537

WHO: World Health Organization; UCH-L1: Ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1; GFAP: Glial fibrillary acidic protein.

Table 3 Comparison of ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1 and glial fibrillary acidic protein levels in patients with glioma recurrence and those without recurrence before and after surgery

Time	UCH-L1 (pg/mL)	GFAP (ng/L)
Recurrence group (n = 22)
Preoperative	120.44 ± 6.41	19.59 ± 0.57
3 d after surgery	88.01 ± 2.44	10.00 ± 0.46
t value	37.398	289.806
P value	< 0.001	< 0.001
Non-recurrence group (n = 69)
Preoperative	89.38 ± 11.83	15.76 ± 1.58
3 d after surgery	67.09 ± 9.60	6.74 ± 1.16
t value	78.571	172.100
P value	< 0.001	< 0.001
Preoperative comparison of the two groups
t value	11.749	11.118
P value	< 0.001	< 0.001
Comparison of the two groups at 3 d after surgery
t value	10.086	12.791
P value	< 0.001	< 0.001

UCH-L1: Ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1; GFAP: Glial fibrillary acidic protein.

Table 4 The value of ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1 and glial fibrillary acidic protein levels for predicting postoperative recurrence of glioma

Indicator	Critical value	AUC	95%CI	P value	Sensitivity (%)	Specificity (%)
Preoperative UCH-L1	103.85	0.785	0.670-0.901	< 0.001	68.2	81.2
3 d after surgery UCH-L1	85.61	0.646	0.507-0.785	0.040	63.6	62.3
Preoperative GFAP	18.70	0.775	0.651-0.898	< 0.001	63.6	88.4
3 d after surgery GFAP	8.58	0.648	0.508-0.787	0.038	59.1	75.4

AUC: Area under the curve; UCH-L1: Ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1; GFAP: Glial fibrillary acidic protein.