Cluster headache due to structural lesions: A systematic review of published cases

Table 4 Demographic profile and characters of the headache

	Number (%)/mean ± range
Age at onset (n = 66)
Average age	38.3 ± 13.0
20-40 yr	40 (51.9%)
< 20 yr	6 (7.8%)
> 40 yr	31 (40.3%)
Sex
Male	60 (77.9%)
Female	17 (22.1%)
Side
Left	43 (55.8%)
Right	34 (44.2%)
Sides of headache and structural pathologies (n = 66)
Ipsilateral	61 (79.5%)
Midline	10 (13.0%)
Contralateral	4 (5.2%)
Unknown	2 (2.6%)
Attacks not fulfilling ICHD-3
Duration (n = 65)	17 (23.3%)
Frequency (n = 57)	5 (7.7%)
Headache sites
Orbital/periorbital	47 (61.0%)
Temporal	23 (30.0%)
Supraorbital	16 (20.1%)
Eye/retroorbital	26 (33.8%)
Other	14 (18.2%)
Associated autonomic symptoms
Lacrimation/conjunctival injection/rhinorrhoea	73 (94.5%)
Miosis/ptosis	40 (51.2%)
Nasal congestion/eyelid oedema/forehead sweating	39 (50.6%)
Nausea/phonophobia/vomiting	13 (16.9%)
Persistent miosis/ptosis	11 (14.3%)
Additional headaches between attacks	18 (23.4%)
Altered neurological examination	21 (27.2%)

ICDH: International Classification of Headache Disorders.