Point-of-care ultrasound for the early diagnosis of emphysematous pyelonephritis: A case report and literature review

Table 2 Cases of emphysematous pyelonephritis diagnosed by point-of care ultrasound

Ref.	Age in yr	Sex	Diabetes/comorbidities	Class of EPN	Treatment strategy	Outcome	Location of gas on ultrasound	POCUS features
McCafferty et al[3], 2017	84	Woman	Diabetes/CKD/hypertension	Class 2	MM + nephrectomy	Recovered	Renal cortex	Hyperechoic focus/dirty shadowing
Stone et al[19], 2005	47	Woman	Diabetes	Class 3A	MM + nephrectomy	Death	Renal parenchyma	Echogenic foci/dirty shadowing
Peng et al[44], 2017	68	Woman	Diabetes	Class 3A	MM + nephrectomy	Recovered	Perirenal space	Poor delineation of the kidney
Koratala et al[45], 2019	22	Woman	Diabetes	NM	NM	NM	Renal parenchyma	Hyperechoic focus/dirty shadowing/B-lines
Brown et al[46], 2019	60	Man	Diabetes	Class 3A	MM + PCD + DBJ stenting	Recovered	Renal parenchyma/collecting system	A-lines

CKD: Chronic kidney disease; DBJ: Double-J catheter; EPN: Emphysematous pyelonephritis; MM: Medical management; NM: Not mentioned; PCD: Percutaneous drainage; POCUS: Point-of-care ultrasound.