Development and validation of a model to determine risk of refractory benign esophageal strictures

Table 2 Univariate and multivariate analyses of refractory benign esophageal strictures

Category		Non-RBES n (%) / M (range) n = 450	RBES n (%) / M (range) n = 57	P1	P2	OR (95%CI)
Sex	Female	160 (89.9)	18 (10.1)	0.553	0.665	0.916 (0.617-1.361)
	Male	290 (88.1)	39 (11.9)		0.665	1.091 (0.735-1.620)
Age (yr)	-	58 (16, 88)	60 (16, 75)	0.548	0.034	0.968 (0.939-0.998)
Etiology	Post-ESD/ESTD	55 (70.5)	23 (29.5)	< 0.001	0.007	5.874 (1.623-21.255)
	Postoperative	223 (90.7)	23 (9.3)		0.009	3.333 (1.358-8.182)
	Achalasia	147 (99.3)	1 (0.3)		0.013	0.084 (0.012-0.597)
	Caustic	5 (38.5)	8 (61.5)		0.320	1.512 (0.67-3.413)
	Other	20 (90.9)	2 (9.1)		0.208	0.404 (0.099-1.653)
Location of strictures	Cervical	30 (75.0)	10 (25.0)	< 0.001	0.603	1.250 (0.539-2.901)
	Thoracic	271 (86.0)	44 (14.0)		0.671	0.869 (0.454-1.663)
	Ventral	149 (98.0)	3 (2.0)		0.884	0.921 (0.303-2.794)
Length of strictures (cm)		0.5 (0.5, 8)	2 (0.5, 10)	< 0.001	0.001	1.344 (1.135-1.591)
Number of strictures	One	436 (91.4)	41 (8.6)	< 0.001	0.049	0.615 (0.370-1.023)
	Two or more	14 (46.7)	16 (53.3)		0.049	1.625 (0.977-2.704)
Endoscopic therapy	Dilation only	411 (90.9)	41 (9.1)	< 0.001	0.009	0.582 (0.388-0.874)
	Stenting + dilation	39 (70.9)	16 (29.1)		0.009	1.718 (1.145-2.577)

RBES: Refractory benign esophageal strictures; ESD: Endoscopic submucosal dissection; ESTD: Endoscopic submucosal tunnel dissection.