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Systematic Reviews
©The Author(s) 2025.
World J Clin Cases. Oct 16, 2025; 13(29): 111096
Published online Oct 16, 2025. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v13.i29.111096
Figure 6
Figure 6 Conceptual pathway from genetic and epigenetic factors to offspring risk in gestational diabetes mellitus. This conceptual diagram links maternal genetic predisposition (e.g., MTNR1B and IRS-1), epigenetic alterations (e.g., DNA methylation of MEST and PIK3R5; dysregulation of miR-29a and miR-223), and transgenerational metabolic outcomes such as obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes mellitus in offspring.


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