Evidence for the association between psychological stress and peri-implant health among middle-aged and elderly adults: A systemic review

Table 2 Characteristics of the included studies

Ref.	Country	Design	Participants	Study groups and age (mean ± SD)	Smoker	Psychological health assessment	Antipsychotic drugs	Definition of peri-implantitis
Soysal et al[21], 2024	Turkey	Cross-sectional	50 (F 16/M 34)	Healthy implant & high stress: 53.06 ± 11.44 years; Healthy implant & low stress: 52.11 ± 16.70 years; Peri-implantitis & high stress: 56.00 ± 6.71 years; Peri-implantitis & low stress: 59.80 ± 7.24 years	No	HAD and STAI questionnaires; GR-α levels of saliva	No use	PD ≥ 6 mm, BoP/suppuration, and BL ≥ 3 mm
Strooker et al[20], 2022	Netherlands	Cross-sectional	230 (F 137/M 93)	No peri-implantitis: 64.4 ± 11.3 years; Peri-implantitis: 62.9 ± 10.8 years	10%	SCL-90 questionnaire	Not available	PD ≥ 4 mm, BoP/suppuration, and BL ≥ 2 mm
Ali et al[19], 2022	Kuwait	Cross-sectional	64	T2DM with peri-implantitis: 53.8 ± 5.6 years; T2DM without peri-implantitis: 52.5 ± 3.2 years; Non-DM with peri-implantitis: 52.7 ± 1.6 years; Non-DM without peri-implantitis: 52.2 ± 1.2 years	No	Cortisol level in peri-implant sulcular fluid	Not available	Not available
Alresayes et al[18], 2021	Saudi Arabia	Cross-sectional	88 (F 42/M 46)	Peri-implantitis: 65.3 ± 5.6 years; No peri-implantitis: 63.8 ± 4.4 years	No	Cortisol level in peri-implant sulcular fluid	Not available	PD ≥ 6 mm, BoP/suppuration, and BL ≥ 3 mm

HAD: Hospital anxiety and depression scale; STAI: State-trait anxiety inventory; GRα: Glucocorticoid receptor-α; PD: Probing depth; BoP: Bleeding on probing; BL: Bone loss; SCL-90: Symptom checklist-90; T2DM: Type 2 diabetes mellitus.