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World Journal of Clinical Cases
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2307-8960
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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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©The Author(s) 2023.
World J Clin Cases. Aug 6, 2023; 11(22): 5252-5272
Published online Aug 6, 2023. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i22.5252
Table 4 Risk factors of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 disease-induced gastrointestinal autonomic dysfunction
1 Severe disease
2 Presence of hyperinflammation and hypoxia
3 Longer duration of disease
4 Old age
5 Down-regulation of the IKBKAP gene
6 Up-regulation of N-type calcium channels
7 Presence of smell loss or dyspnoea
8 Presence of comorbidities characterized by high sympathetic activity, such as diabetes mellitus and hypertension
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