Complications of chronic pancreatitis prior to and following surgical treatment: A proposal for classification

Figure 2 Main complications of chronic pancreatitis. (1) Pancreatic duct complications: 1-A: Pancreatic pseudocyst; 1-B: Pancreatic ascites; 1-C: Pancreatic pleural effusion; (2) Peripancreatic complications: 2-A: Common bile duct stenosis; 2-B: Duodenal stenosis; 2-C: Venous thrombosis (splenic vein); 2-D: Left-side portal hypertension due to splenic vein thrombosis; (3) Pancreatic hemorrhages: 3-A: Peripancreatic pseudoaneurysm; 3-B: Ruptured pseudoaneurysm (into pancreatic duct–hemosuccus pancreaticus); and (4) Pancreatic exocrine and endocrine insufficiency due to extensive loss of functional pancreatic parenchyma (acinar atrophy, fibrosis, inflammatory infiltrates).