Tension pneumocephalus following endoscopic resection of a mediastinal thoracic spinal tumor: A case report

Table 2 Reported cases which pneumocephalus developed after surgical treatments for spinal or posterior mediastinal tumor

Ref.	Surgical approach	Clinical symptoms	CSF leakage	Interventions
Trujillo-Reyes et al, 2014	VATS	Headache, vomiting	ND	Bed rest, oxygen
Huang et al, 2005	VATS	Headache, progressive loss of consciousness	Postoperative chest tube drainage amount increased	Bilateral frontal burr hole, Trendelenburg position
Nam et al, 2019	Posterior (laminectomy+ durotomy)	Headache	Intraoperative duratomy and primary suture with artificial dural and fibroblastic glue	Bed rest, analgesics
Kim et al, 2008	Posterior (laminectomy+ durotomy)	Headache, restless	Intraoperative duratomy and primary suture with fibroblastic glue	Bed rest, hydration
Özdemir et al, 2017	Posterior (laminectomy + durotomy)	Headache, nausea, vomiting	ND	Bed rest, hydration
Bilsky et al, 2000	Posteriorlateral thoracotomy	Lethargy, confusion	Postoperative chest tube drainage amount increased	Discontinue chest tube, bed rest

CSF: Cerebrospinal fluid; VATS: Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery; ND: No data.