Ren SY, Li J, Gao RD. 2022 Monkeypox outbreak: Why is it a public health emergency of international concern? What can we do to control it? World J Clin Cases 2022; 10(30): 10873-10881 [PMID: 36338228 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i30.10873]
Corresponding Author of This Article
Shi-Yan Ren, MD, PhD, Chief Doctor, Surgeon, Department of Laser and Vascular Surgery, Aviation General Hospital, China Medical University, No. 3 Anwai Beiyuan, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100012, China. rens66@126.com
Research Domain of This Article
Infectious Diseases
Article-Type of This Article
Minireviews
Open-Access Policy of This Article
This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
World J Clin Cases. Oct 26, 2022; 10(30): 10873-10881 Published online Oct 26, 2022. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i30.10873
2022 Monkeypox outbreak: Why is it a public health emergency of international concern? What can we do to control it?
Shi-Yan Ren, Jing Li, Rong-Ding Gao
Shi-Yan Ren, Rong-Ding Gao, Department of Laser and Vascular Surgery, Aviation General Hospital, China Medical University, Beijing 100012, China
Jing Li, Department of Infectious Disease, Aviation General Hospital, China Medical University, Beijing 100012, China
Author contributions: Ren SY searched and studied the references, designed, wrote, revised, and submitted the manuscript; Li J and Gao RD searched, studied the references, and discussed the manuscript; and all authors have read and approved the final manuscript.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Shi-Yan Ren, MD, PhD, Chief Doctor, Surgeon, Department of Laser and Vascular Surgery, Aviation General Hospital, China Medical University, No. 3 Anwai Beiyuan, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100012, China. rens66@126.com
Received: August 7, 2022 Peer-review started: August 7, 2022 First decision: August 17, 2022 Revised: August 26, 2022 Accepted: September 20, 2022 Article in press: September 20, 2022 Published online: October 26, 2022
Abstract
The World Health Organization (WHO) called the recent monkeypox (MPX) outbreak a Public Health Emergency of International Concern on July 23, 2022. The United States of America (US) alarmed the recent MPX outbreak as the US public health emergency on August 4, 2022. Since early May 2022, more than 35000 MPX cases and 12 deaths had been reported to WHO from 92 countries and territories by August 17, 2022, and MPX cases continue rising rapidly with improved surveillance, access to diagnosis, and continuous virus spreading globally. Approximately 99% MPX cases are men, of which 95% cases are men who have sex with man. No evidence of MPX being sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is found; however, a high percentage (25%) of concurrent STIs and frequent anogenital symptoms suggest transmission through local inoculation during close intimate contact or sexual activity. Many approaches including a comprehensive international vaccination strategy and adequate supplies are mandatory to prevent MPX pandemic. Education, vaccination, MPX scrutiny and careful monitoring, and crossborder collaborations with international sectors are practical strategy to contain MPX outbreaks. People are educated to reduce the risk of exposure and to reduce the number of sexual partners especially new ones, to avoid contacting travelers from epidemic regions or animals that may carry MPX virus, and avoid traveling to endemic areas.
Core Tip: The World Health Organization called the current monkeypox (MPX) outbreak a Public Health Emergency of International Concern on 23 July, 2022. United States (US) alarmed the recent MPX outbreak as the US public health emergency on August 4, 2022. Despite MPX cases continue to rise rapidly with improved surveillance, as MPX outbreaks is primarily contained in adult men, it should be manageable, and will be controlled by education, MPX surveillance, careful monitoring, vaccination, and crossborder collaborations with international sectors.
