Precision management of gastrointestinal tumor-associated osteoporosis driven by cutting-edge technologies: Current status, challenges, and future prospects

Figure 1 Technology-enabled precision management framework for gastrointestinal tumor-associated osteoporosis. This schematic summarizes an integrated precision-management strategy for gastrointestinal tumor-associated osteoporosis. Module 1 illustrates artificial intelligence-assisted opportunistic screening, bone mineral density estimation, multimodal image fusion, and multidimensional risk prediction for early detection and warning. Module 2 shows nanotechnology-based targeted interventions, including bone-targeted nanoparticles, codelivery systems, and smart responsive biomaterials for synchronized tumor control and bone protection. Module 3 highlights multiomics-guided mechanistic dissection, including genomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, microbiomics, and single-cell sequencing, for biomarker discovery and molecular stratification. Module 4 presents multidisciplinary team-based personalized management that integrates oncology, orthopedics, radiology, nutrition, pharmacy, and rehabilitation. Together, these approaches support precision screening, precision assessment, and individualized intervention, ultimately reducing skeletal-related events and improving long-term prognosis and quality of life. AI: Artificial intelligence; BMSC: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells; CT: Computed tomography; GTO: Gastrointestinal tumor-associated osteoporosis; MDT: Multidisciplinary team; MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging; NIR: Near-infrared; RGD: Arginine-glycine-aspartic acid peptide; ROS: Reactive oxygen species; SCFA: Short-chain fatty acids; SRE: Skeletal-related events.