Precision management of gastrointestinal tumor-associated osteoporosis driven by cutting-edge technologies: Current status, challenges, and future prospects

Table 3 Future perspectives for the precision management of gastrointestinal tumor-associated osteoporosis

Dimension	Future strategies
Construction of integrated precision system	Multitechnology fusion (AI, multiomics, nanomedicine, wearable sensors). Multicenter dataset and federated learning. Closed-loop management: Early warning, precise typing, intervention, monitoring
Accelerated clinical translation of nanotechnology	Optimize biocompatibility and administration routes (oral, enteric-coated). Conduct multicenter, randomized, controlled clinical trials. Scale production to reduce cost; develop multitarget synergistic nanosystems
Improved MDT and data standardization	Establish standardized, proactive MDT workflow. Define responsibilities of oncology, orthopedics, radiology, nutrition. Unify data standards and build regional data sharing platform. Develop GTO-specific clinical guidelines
Ethical supervision and technical regulation	Improve data privacy protection and encryption technology. Establish clinical access and postmarketing surveillance system. Define AI as an auxiliary tool; strengthen manual review. Standardize clinical application and risk control of new technologies

GTO: Gastrointestinal tumor-associated osteoporosis; AI: Artificial intelligence; MDT: Multidisciplinary team.