Prognostic impact of right ventricular dilatation and echocardiography use criteria in hospitalized COVID-19 patients

Table 2 Echocardiographic and clinical outcomes in confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 patients, n (%)/median (25^th-75^th percentiles)

Variable	Total (n = 149)	ICU patients (n = 75)	Non-ICU patients (n = 74)	P value
Echocardiographic findings
Left ventricular ejection fraction < 40%	12 (8.0)	7 (9.3)	5 (6.7)	0.560
Segmental wall motion abnormalities	15 (10.1)	9 (12.0)	6 (8.1)	0.430
Right ventricular dilatation/overload	40 (26.8)	26 (34.7)	14 (18.9)	0.033
Right ventricular dysfunction (TAPSE < 17 mm)	9 (6.0)	6 (8.0)	3 (4.1)	0.310
PASP > 35 mmHg	134 (89.9)	69 (92.0)	65 (87.8)	0.390
Left atrial enlargement	15 (10.1)	8 (10.7)	7 (9.5)	0.810
Diastolic dysfunction (grade ≥ II)	26 (17.4)	15 (20.0)	11 (14.9)	0.410
Pericardial effusion	4 (2.7)	3 (4.0)	1 (1.4)	0.360
Clinical outcomes
In-hospital mortality	59 (39.6)	45 (60.0)	14 (18.9)	< 0.001
Invasive mechanical ventilation	62 (41.6)	62 (82.7)	0 (0.0)	< 0.001
Acute kidney injury	45 (30.2)	37 (49.3)	8 (10.8)	< 0.001
Length of hospital stay, (days)	13 (6-23)	18 (11-26)	6 (4-11)	< 0.001

ICU: Intensive care unit; TAPSE: Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion; PASP: Pulmonary artery systolic pressure.