Smartphone-based mobile health impact on oral anticoagulation adherence, quality of life, and healthcare utilization in adult atrial fibrillation

Table 4 Impact of mobile health interventions on clinical events and healthcare utilization

Ref.	Intervention/trial name	Outcome metric	Result (intervention vs control)	Effect estimate (95%CI)	P value
Clinical efficacy and healthcare utilization
Guo et al[23], 2020	mAFA-II trial	Primary composite (stroke/TE, death, rehospitalization)	1.9% vs 6.0%	HR 0.39 (0.22-0.67)	< 0.001
Guo et al[23], 2020	mAFA-II trial	Rehospitalization (any cause)	1.2% vs 4.5%	HR 0.32 (0.17-0.60)	< 0.001
Romiti et al[24], 2023	mAFA-II (win ratio)	Composite (prioritizing death)		Win ratio 2.78 (1.85-4.17)	< 0.001
Yao et al[25], 2021	mAFA-II (multimorbidity)	Primary composite outcome		HR 0.37 (0.26-0.53)	< 0.001
Hsieh et al[35], 2021	Web-based program	Readmission (2-year follow-up)	11 vs 23 events	OR 0.41 (0.18-0.93)	0.03
Safety (bleeding and thromboembolism)
Yao et al[25], 2021	mAFA-II (multimorbidity)	Thromboembolism (stroke/TE)	0.5% vs 2.9%	HR 0.17 (0.05-0.51)	0.002
Guo et al[23], 2020	mAFA-II trial	Extracranial bleeding	1.5% vs 1.6%	HR 0.95 (0.54-1.66)	0.85
Guo et al[30], 2020	mAFA-II (dynamic)	Incident bleeding events (rate)	Rate decreased over time (1.2% to 0.2%)		< 0.001

TE: Thromboembolism; OR: Odds ratio; HR: Hazard ratio.