Impact of different anesthetic agents (propofol, etomidate, ketamine) on seizure duration and cognitive recovery in electroconvulsive therapy

Table 7 Adverse event patterns from individual studies

Adverse event	Propofol studies	Etomidate studies	Ketamine studies	Ketofol studies
Nausea/vomiting	Lower rates reported across studies	Higher rates consistently reported	Variable rates across studies	Intermediate rates reported
Myoclonus	Minimal occurrence reported	Frequently reported across studies	Low occurrence reported	Low to moderate occurrence
Emergence phenomena	Rare occurrence	Occasional reports	Frequently reported concern	Occasional reports
Prolonged recovery	Minimal reports	Moderate occurrence	Consistent reports across studies	Variable reports
Hypotension	Occasional reports	Rare occurrence	Minimal reports	Occasional reports
Hypertension	Rare occurrence	Rare occurrence	Frequently reported	Moderate occurrence