Impact of different anesthetic agents (propofol, etomidate, ketamine) on seizure duration and cognitive recovery in electroconvulsive therapy

doi:10.5662/wjm.116058

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World Journal of Methodology

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World J Methodol. Sep 20, 2026; 16(3): 116058
Published online Sep 20, 2026. doi: 10.5662/wjm.116058

Table 4 Seizure duration outcomes by anesthetic agent

Ref.	Propofol (seconds)	Etomidate (seconds)	Ketamine (seconds)	Ketofol (seconds)	P value
Shahu et al[5], 2024	20.4 ± 4.6	32.8 ± 6.2	-	-	< 0.001
Erdogan Kayhan et al[22], 2012	22.1 ± 5.3	-	-	28.7 ± 6.4	< 0.05
Jindal et al[6], 2020	20.1 ± 4.8	28.4 ± 6.2	-	-	< 0.001
Canbek et al[7], 2015	23.2 ± 5.7	29.6 ± 7.1	-	-	< 0.001
Mathur et al[10], 2024	21.5 ± 4.9	-	-	26.8 ± 5.7	< 0.01
Joshi et al[20], 2021	-	31.2 ± 7.8	-	29.3 ± 6.9	0.082
Hoyer et al[12], 2014	22.8 ± 6.2	30.1 ± 8.4	25.6 ± 7.1	-	< 0.001
Krystal et al[16], 2003	-	-	28.3 ± 6.7	-	-
Gurel et al[28], 2022	19.7 ± 4.2	28.9 ± 6.8	-	27.4 ± 5.9	< 0.001

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Citation: Tilokani H, Jawed I, Shehzadi A, Ali A, Khan A, Qadir U, Bin Gulzar AH, Zahid R, Khan S, Mal M, Zakeri MA, Aslam H, Siddique MU. Impact of different anesthetic agents (propofol, etomidate, ketamine) on seizure duration and cognitive recovery in electroconvulsive therapy. World J Methodol 2026; 16(3): 116058
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2222-0682/full/v16/i3/116058.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5662/wjm.116058

Tilokani H, Jawed I, Shehzadi A, Ali A, Khan A, Qadir U, Bin Gulzar AH, Zahid R, Khan S, Mal M, Zakeri MA, Aslam H, Siddique MU. Impact of different anesthetic agents (propofol, etomidate, ketamine) on seizure duration and cognitive recovery in electroconvulsive therapy. World J Methodol 2026; 16(3): 116058 [DOI: 10.5662/wjm.116058]

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