Microwave breast imaging: A review of clinical potential and technological advances

doi:10.5662/wjm.v16.i3.110991

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World Journal of Methodology

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2222-0682

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World J Methodol. Sep 20, 2026; 16(3): 110991
Published online Sep 20, 2026. doi: 10.5662/wjm.v16.i3.110991

Table 4 Summary of the technical specifications in different radar-based microwave imaging systems

Origin	Antennas and arrangement	Frequency range (GHz)	Patient position	Coupling	Hardware	Imaging algorithm	Development stage
Dartmouth College[20,21]	16-monopole array	0.5-2.3	Prone	Glycerin/water	Stationary array PC controlled function generator and Rx circuitry	Log-phase formulation	Concept and feasibility
Dartmouth College[20,21]	16-monopole array	0.5-2.5	Prone	Glycerin/water	Stationary array Ettus B210 SDR	Log-phase formulation	Concept and feasibility
McMaster University[22]	1-horn (Tx), 9-bowtie array (Rx)	3.0-8.0	Not specified	Not specified	Stationary array planar scanning	Scattered power mapping, quantitative microwave holography	Concept and feasibility
Istanbul Technical University (SAFE)[23]	1 (Tx), 36-antenna array (Rx)	1.4-8.0	Prone	Liquid coupling medium	Stationary array VNA usage	Linear sampling method, factorization method	Verification and validation

Tx: Transmitter; Rx: Receiver; VNA: Vector network analyzer; SDR: Software defined radio; SAFE: Scanning aperture focused examination.

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Citation: Akesson I, Kovac R, Son H, Teixeira de Castro Gonçalves Ortega AC, Fedorov D, Perera Molligoda Arachchige AS. Microwave breast imaging: A review of clinical potential and technological advances. World J Methodol 2026; 16(3): 110991
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2222-0682/full/v16/i3/110991.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5662/wjm.v16.i3.110991

Akesson I, Kovac R, Son H, Teixeira de Castro Gonçalves Ortega AC, Fedorov D, Perera Molligoda Arachchige AS. Microwave breast imaging: A review of clinical potential and technological advances. World J Methodol 2026; 16(3): 110991 [DOI: 10.5662/wjm.v16.i3.110991]

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