Basic diaphragm ultrasound training: Curriculum implementation and learning trajectory among diaphragm ultrasound naive trainees

doi:10.5662/wjm.v16.i2.113663

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World Journal of Methodology

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2222-0682

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Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Methodol. Jun 20, 2026; 16(2): 113663
Published online Jun 20, 2026. doi: 10.5662/wjm.v16.i2.113663

Table 3 Normal interpretation of diaphragmatic measurements for trainer and trainee, n (%)

		Try 1	Try 2	Try 3	Try 4	Try 5
Right DTF at ZOA (n = 13)	Trainee with normal interpretation	13 (100)	8 (61.5)	8 (61.5)	5 (38.5)	11 (84.6)
	Trainer with normal interpretation	12 (92.3)	8 (61.5)	7 (53.8)	6 (46.2)	11 (84.6)
	P value	1	1	1	1	1
Right DTF at mid-axillary line (n = 13)	Trainee with normal interpretation	8 (61.5)	6 (46.2)	7 (53.8)	9 (69.2)	10 (76.9)
	Trainer with normal interpretation	10 (76.9)	6 (46.2)	7 (53.8)	10 (76.9)	10 (76.9)
	P value	0.6728	1	1	1	1
Right excursion (n = 12)	Trainee with normal interpretation	7 (58.3)	6 (50.0)	6 (50.0)	5 (41.7)	9 (75.0)
	Trainer with normal interpretation	9 (75.0)	8 (66.7)	6 (50.0)	5 (41.7)	9 (75.0)
	P value	0.6668	0.6802	1	1	1
Left DTF at ZOA (n = 13)	Trainee with normal interpretation	9 (69.2)	10 (76.9)	10 (76.9)	9 (69.2)	9 (69.2)
	Trainer with normal interpretation	9 (69.2)	11 (84.6)	10 (76.9)	9 (69.2)	9 (69.2)
	P value	1	1	1	1	1
Left DTF at mid-axillary line (n = 12)	Trainee with normal interpretation	6 (50.0)	6 (50.0)	6 (50.0)	10 (83.3)	7 (58.3)
	Trainer with normal interpretation	7 (58.3)	8 (66.7)	7 (58.3)	11 (91.7)	8 (66.7)
	P value	1	0.6802	1	1	1
Left excursion (n = 12)	Trainee with normal interpretation	10 (83.3)	6 (50.0)	8 (66.7)	6 (50.0)	10 (83.3)
	Trainer with normal interpretation	10 (83.3)	6 (50.0)	8 (66.7)	6 (50.0)	10 (83.3)
	P value	1	1	1	1	1

DTF: Diaphragm thickening fraction; ZOA: Zone of apposition.

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Citation: Ng KWP, See KC. Basic diaphragm ultrasound training: Curriculum implementation and learning trajectory among diaphragm ultrasound naive trainees. World J Methodol 2026; 16(2): 113663
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2222-0682/full/v16/i2/113663.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5662/wjm.v16.i2.113663

Ng KWP, See KC. Basic diaphragm ultrasound training: Curriculum implementation and learning trajectory among diaphragm ultrasound naive trainees. World J Methodol 2026; 16(2): 113663 [PMID: 42058793 DOI: 10.5662/wjm.v16.i2.113663]

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