High red cell distribution width as a prognostic indicator in heart failure

Table 1 Baseline characteristics

Characteristic	Combined studies (n = 11460)	Low quartile (n = 6562)	High quartile (n = 5098)
Demographic characteristics
Female sex (%)	41.5	40.4	41.5
Age (years) (mean)	78.9	71.3	78.8
Body mass index (kg/m²) (mean)	29.0	30.1	28.9
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) (mean)	142.0	138.0	142.0
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) (mean)	83.3	83.0	83.3
Heart rate (bpm) (mean)	78.0	80.6	78.0
NYHA I-II (%)	64.6	49.4	64.6
NYHA III-IV (%)	35.2	50.5	35.2
Left ventricular ejection fraction (%) (mean)	42.7	41.5	42.7
Previous myocardial infarction (%)	41.5	37.0	41.5
Atrial fibrillation/flutter (%)	21.2	30.0	21.2
Hypertension (%)	62.0	57.0	62.0
Diabetes (%)	37.9	39.9	37.9
Angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin II receptor blocker (%)	67.9	66.2	67.9
Beta-blocker (%)	62.4	61.8	62.4
Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (%)	17.9	21.0	17.9
Calcium channel blocker (%)	10.4	11.7	10.4
Statin (%)	51.2	44.8	51.2
Loop diuretics (%)	68.8	79.4	68.8
Baseline laboratory studies
White blood cell (cells/μL) (mean)	7.7	7.6	7.7
Hemoglobin (g/dL) (mean)	12.0	11.5	12.0
Mean corpuscular volume (fL) (mean)	89.3	86.1	89.3
Estimated glomerular filtration rate (mL/minute/1.73 m²) (mean)	66.1	56.6	66.1
Creatinine (mg/dL) (mean)	1.2	1.5	1.2
Blood urea nitrogen (mg/dL) (mean)	36.8	41.5	36.8
Total cholesterol (mg/dL) (mean)	165.6	152.5	165.6

NYHA: New York Heart Association.