Exploring effectiveness of Metronidazole, Bismuth, and Rifaximin in treating small intestinal bacterial overgrowth and irritable bowel syndrome: A systematic review

Table 3 Characteristics of studies using Bismuth

Number	Ref.	Year of publication	Study design and setting	Number of patients enrolled with summary	Intervention used	Comparison used	Patients achieved outcome (intervention group)	Patients achieved outcome (comparison group)
1	Thazhath et al[139]	2013	Retrospective observational	12	CBS 120-480 mg/day	None	7	N/A
2	Thazhath et al[139]	2013	Retrospective observational	4	CBS 120-480 mg/day	None	3	N/A
3	Thazhath et al[139]	2013	Retrospective observational	4	CBS 120-480 mg/day	None	2	N/A
4	Thazhath et al[139]	2013	Retrospective observational	5	CBS 120-480 mg/day	None	0	N/A
5	Daghaghzadeh et al[140]	2018	Randomized controlled trial, clinical setting	119	Bismuth subcitrate 120 mg twice daily (before meals)	Placebo group (60 patients)	Pain severity reduced from 55 to 32, fewer days of pain, improvement in bloating and daily life	Pain severity reduced from 57 to 53, no significant change in pain days or bloating, no improvement in daily life

CBS: Colloidal Bismuth subcitrate; N/A: Not applicable.