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Meta-Analysis
©The Author(s) 2026.
World J Methodol. Mar 20, 2026; 16(1): 106277
Published online Mar 20, 2026. doi: 10.5662/wjm.v16.i1.106277
Table 1 Risk of bias assessment using the Joanna Briggs Institute tool
Criteria
An et al[19]
Liu et al[18]
Zeng et al[17]
Zhang et al[16]
Xu et al[15]
Lau et al[14]
Liu[13]
Similar groups from the same populationYesYesYesYesYesYesYes
Exposures measured similarlyYesYesYesYesYesYesYes
Exposure is measured validly and reliablyYesYesYesYesYesYesYes
Confounding factors identifiedYesYesYesYesYesYesYes
Strategies to deal with confounding factorsYesYesYesYesYesYesYes
Groups are free of outcome at the startYesYesYesYesYesYesYes
Outcomes are measured validly and reliablyYesYesYesYesYesYesYes
Follow-up time reported and sufficientYesYesYesYesYesYesYes
Follow up complete or reason for loss describedYesYesYesYesYesYesUnclear
Strategies to address incomplete follow-upYesYesYesYesYesYesUnclear
Appropriate statistical analysisYesYesYesYesYesYesYes
Overall appraisalIncludeIncludeIncludeIncludeIncludeIncludeInclude


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