Preoperative marking of the proximal resection margin in esophageal cancer with a surgical fiducial marker: First experiences

Table 3 Implantation details, n (%)/mean ± SD

Characteristic	Study population n = 10
Distance from incisors to proximal tumor border, cm	39.3 ± 5.8
Distance from surgeon’s proposed proximal resection line to BioXmark®, cm1	3.8 (± 1.1)
Number of implantations per patient	4
Amount of BioXmark® per implantation, μL	82 ± 17.5
BioXmark® visible on intraoperative ultrasound in vivo	6 (60)
BioXmark® not visible or missing data on intraoperative ultrasound in vivo	4 (40)
BioXmark® visible on intraoperative ultrasound ex vivo	3 (30)
BioXmark® not visible or missing data on intraoperative ultrasound ex vivo	7 (70)

¹A positive value means the line was proximal to BioXmark^®, and a negative value means the line was distal to BioXmark^®.