Navigating gastrointestinal challenges in genetic myopathies: Diagnostic insights and future directions

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Dec 20, 2025 (publication date) through Aug 7, 2025

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World Journal of Methodology

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2222-0682

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Methodol. Dec 20, 2025; 15(4): 102408
Published online Dec 20, 2025. doi: 10.5662/wjm.v15.i4.102408

Table 4 Skeletal vs gastrointestinal smooth muscle: Similarities and dissimilarities

Feature	Skeletal muscle	Gastrointestinal smooth muscle
Excitable tissue	Yes	Yes
Contractile proteins	Actin and myosin	Actin and myosin
Sarcoplasmic reticulum	Yes	Yes
Contraction mechanism	Sliding filament	Sliding filament
Calcium dependence	Yes	Yes
Control	Voluntary	Involuntary
Innervation	Motor neurons	Autonomic nervous system
Hormonal regulation	Yes	Yes
Attachment to bone	Yes	No
Fiber nuclei	Multinucleated	Uninucleated
Fiber arrangement	Bundles of striated (striped) fibers	Sheets or layers of non-striated fibers
Contraction speed	Fast and powerful	Slow and sustained
Contraction pattern	Brief bursts	Tonic (sustained)
Dominant respiration	Anaerobic	Aerobic
Regeneration	Limited	Better capacity
Fatigue resistance	Susceptible	Highly resistant
Main control system	Central nervous system	Enteric nervous system

Citation: Al-Beltagi M, Saeed N, Bediwy A, Elbeltagi R. Navigating gastrointestinal challenges in genetic myopathies: Diagnostic insights and future directions. World J Methodol 2025; 15(4): 102408
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2222-0682/full/v15/i4/102408.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5662/wjm.v15.i4.102408