Diagnostic methods for managing dry eyes

Table 5 McMonnies questionnaire¹

Question type	Symptoms evaluated	Scoring (0-4)
Risk factors	Age, sex, contact lens use, medications, systemic diseases (e.g., Sjögren’s)	Yes/No responses (Binary)
Symptoms frequency	Dryness, grittiness, burning, excessive tearing	0 (Never) to 3 (Frequent)
Symptom severity	Eye discomfort, irritation, redness	0 (None) to 3 (Severe)
Triggers	Environmental factors (wind, air condition, smoke), screen time impact	Yes/No responses (Binary)

¹The total McMonnies score (0-45) helps assess dry eye disease severity, with higher scores (≥ 14) indicating significant dry eye disease.