Retrospective Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2023.
World J Methodol. Dec 20, 2023; 13(5): 439-445
Published online Dec 20, 2023. doi: 10.5662/wjm.v13.i5.439
Table 1 Unpaired t-test for overall pages vs first page of websites
Readability metric
Overall mean ± SD (range)
First page mean ± SD (range)
Percentage mean difference
P value
Flesch reading ease55.3970 ± 12.7618 (23.2-86.1)55.3290 ± 15.9812 (9.9-87.4)2.320.553
Flesch-kincaid10.1450 ± 2.7082 (5.0-20.1)10.3840 ± 3.2056 (4.9-18.9)0.470.915
Gunning fog12.7830 ± 2.8099 (8.2-23.5)12.4210 ± 3.1772 (7.6-20.7)3.860.287
SMOG9.3530 ± 1.9114 (5.6-15.8)9.3000 ± 2.3224 (5.1-16.3)2.270.523
Coleman-liau index12.2460 ± 1.4778 (7.5-16.1)11.9970 ± 2.2096 (8-19)4.640.41
Automated readability10.2340 ± 3.0205 (4.6-22.0)10.5680 ± 3.6182 (3.8-19.2)1.050.824
Average grade level10.95230 ± 2.27862 (6.18-18.88)10.93420 ± 2.73413 (6.22-18.48)0.090.888