Esophageal varices in pregnancy: Strategies to optimize maternal and fetal outcomes

doi:10.5528/wjtm.120845

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World Journal of Translational Medicine

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2220-6132

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Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Transl Med. Jul 28, 2026; 12(2): 120845
Published online Jul 28, 2026. doi: 10.5528/wjtm.120845

Table 3 Overview of guideline recommendations on variceal screening and management in pregnancy

Guideline	Key recommendations	Relevance to pregnancy
AASLD 2017	All cirrhotic patients should undergo upper GI endoscopy at diagnosis	Preconception or early pregnancy
EASL 2022	Screening endoscopy in all cirrhotics; repeat every 2-3 years or sooner if decompensated	Encourages evaluation before or early in pregnancy
Baveno VII Consensus	Use non-invasive markers (platelets < 150000/mm³ + liver stiffness measurement > 20-25 kPa) to decide need for endoscopy	Limited validation in pregnancy; underutilized
WGO 2014	EVL preferred in high-risk varices; NSBB first line	Safe use of carvedilol or propranolol in selected cases

AASLD: American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases; EASL: European Association for the Study of the Liver; WGO: World Gastroenterology Organization; EVL: Endoscopic variceal ligation; NSBB: Non-selective beta blockers; GI: Gastrointestinal.

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Citation: Rajput M, Kumar A. Esophageal varices in pregnancy: Strategies to optimize maternal and fetal outcomes. World J Transl Med 2026; 12(2): 120845
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2220-6132/full/v12/i2/120845.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5528/wjtm.120845

Rajput M, Kumar A. Esophageal varices in pregnancy: Strategies to optimize maternal and fetal outcomes. World J Transl Med 2026; 12(2): 120845 [DOI: 10.5528/wjtm.120845]

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