Paediatric renal tumors: An insight into molecular characteristics, histomorphology and syndromic association

Table 4 Modes of presentation of paediatric renal tumors

Renal tumor	Presentation
Paediatric cystic nephroma	Palpable abdominal lump[7]
Metanephric adenoma	Asymptomatic to symptomatic (fever, haematuria, abdominal pain and mass), polycythaemia[20]
Metanephric stromal tumor	Abdominal mass, extrarenal vasculopathy, such as bleeding and hypertension[29]
Metanephric adenofibroma	Haematuria and polycythaemia[34]
Ossifying renal tumor of infancy	Haematuria[37]
Mesoblastic nephroma	Abdominal mass[44]
Nephroblastoma (Wilms tumor)	Abdominal mass[54]
Malignant rhabdoid tumor of the kidney	Abdominal mass[63]
Clear cell sarcoma of the kidney	Abdominal mass[70]
Anaplastic sarcoma of the kidney	Large renal mass[79]
Renal Ewing sarcoma	Abdominal pain, mass, hematuria[85]
Renal cell carcinoma with MiT translocations	Asymptomatic to symptomatic abdominal pain and haematuria[92]
ALK-rearranged renal cell carcinomas	Haematuria, abdominal pain or periumbilical pain[96]
Eosinophilic solid and cystic renal cell carcinoma	Asymptomatic[103]
SMARCB1-deficient renal medullary carcinoma	Haematuria, flank or abdominal pain, dysuria, weight loss[107]