Amatruda M, Carucci NS, Chimenz R, Conti G. Immunoglobulin A vasculitis nephritis: Current understanding of pathogenesis and treatment. World J Nephrol 2023; 12(4): 82-92 [PMID: 37766840 DOI: 10.5527/wjn.v12.i4.82]
Corresponding Author of This Article
Giovanni Conti, MD, Doctor, Pediatric Nephrology and Rheumatology Unit, AOU G Martino, University of Messina, Via C Valeria 1, Messina 98125, Italy. giovanniconti@hotmail.com
Research Domain of This Article
Urology & Nephrology
Article-Type of This Article
Minireviews
Open-Access Policy of This Article
This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
World J Nephrol. Sep 25, 2023; 12(4): 82-92 Published online Sep 25, 2023. doi: 10.5527/wjn.v12.i4.82
Immunoglobulin A vasculitis nephritis: Current understanding of pathogenesis and treatment
Michela Amatruda, Nicolina Stefania Carucci, Roberto Chimenz, Giovanni Conti
Michela Amatruda, Nicolina Stefania Carucci, Roberto Chimenz, Giovanni Conti, Pediatric Nephrology and Rheumatology Unit, AOU G Martino, University of Messina, Messina 98125, Italy
Author contributions: Amatruda M wrote the article and reviewed the references; Carucci NS wrote the article and revised the references; Chimenz R corrected the article; Conti G thought up the article, supervised the chapters of the article and corrected it.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Giovanni Conti, MD, Doctor, Pediatric Nephrology and Rheumatology Unit, AOU G Martino, University of Messina, Via C Valeria 1, Messina 98125, Italy. giovanniconti@hotmail.com
Received: February 16, 2023 Peer-review started: February 16, 2023 First decision: April 13, 2023 Revised: May 16, 2023 Accepted: June 12, 2023 Article in press: June 12, 2023 Published online: September 25, 2023
Abstract
The clinical spectrum of immunoglobulin A vasculitis nephritis (IgAVN) ranges from the relatively common transitory microscopic hematuria and/or low-grade proteinuria to nephritic or nephrotic syndrome, rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis, or even renal failure. Clinical and experimental studies have shown a multifactor pathogenesis: Infection triggers, impaired glycosylation of IgA1, complement activation, Toll-like-receptor activation and B cell proliferation. This knowledge can identify IgAVN patients at a greater risk for adverse outcome and increase the evidence for treatment recommendations.
Core Tip: This review summarizes the main mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of immunoglobulin A vasculitis nephritis and the recent treatment development, in order to decrease the risk of kidney disease progression.
