Improving caregiving competence, stress coping, and mental well-being in informal dementia carers

Table 4 Participants with more compromised baseline scores may experience more significant improvement in some outcome measures upon completion of the 10-wk “Coaching, Advocacy, Respite, Education, Relationship, and Simulation”intervention

				Clinical effect (Cohen’s D)
	n	Standard/arbitrary cut-off	P value	More “Compromised” baseline;(mean score; Cohen’s D)	Less “Compromised” baseline;(mean score; Cohen’s D)
Measures with standard cut-off
Geriatric depression scale	64	5[37]	0.074	9.00 ± 2.42; D = -0.58	2.14 ± 1.60; D = -0.022
zarit burden	67	15[38]	0.015	27.00 ± 6.93; D = -0.34	14.30 ± 1.10; D = 0.42
Measures with arbitrary cut-off
CISS A	68	40	0.40	49.74 ± 5.95; D = -0.15	33.00 ± 4.55; D = 0.077
CISS E	68	40	0.003	50.26 ± 5.10; D = -0.74	31.55 ± 6.58; D = -0.045
CISS T	68	55	0.004	48.52 ± 5.83; D = 0.38	63.38 ± 6.37; D = -0.47
Competence	70	12	0.012	10.82 ± 1.40; D = 1.06	14.30 ± 1.10; D = 0.33
Mastery (negative-oriented scale)	70	15	0.022	18.10 ± 2.30; D = -0.62	12.21 ± 2.23; D = 0.34
Overload	67	10	0.011	12.59 ± 1.35; D = -0.69	7.98 ± 1.20; D = -0.058
Role captivity	69	7	0.332	9.74 ± 1.48; D = -0.22	5.32 ± 1.42; D = 0.10

Cohen’s D values of each intervention effect stratified by baseline scores of respective outcome measure were also shown. CISS A: Coping inventory of stressful situations (Avoidance-Oriented); CISS E: Coping inventory of stressful situations (Emotion-Oriented); CISS T: Coping inventory of stressful situations (Task-Oriented); Competence: Pearlin’s competence scale; Mastery: Pearlin’s mastery scale; Overload: Pearlin’s overload scale; Role Captivity: Pearlin’s role captivity scale.