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World Journal of Psychiatry
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2220-3206
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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Meta-Analysis
©The Author(s) 2025.
World J Psychiatry. Sep 19, 2025; 15(9): 108847
Published online Sep 19, 2025. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v15.i9.108847
Table 3 Effects of technology-enhanced physical activity intervention variables on executive function, cognitive function, and mental health
Intervention category
Executive function
Cognitive function
Mental health
Virtual realityOverall: 1 review (n = 304)1,41 review (n = 304)31 review (n = 304)3
AppOverall22 reviews (n = 978)32 reviews (n = 978)5
Augmented realityOverall251 review (n = 912)3,5
Heart rate variabilityOverall1ND2 reviews (n = 795)3
ElectroencephalogramOverall1ND1 review (n = 215)3
Comprehensive programOverall11 review (n = 404)32 reviews (n = 3299)4
Traditional + onlineOverall12 reviews (n = 200)32 reviews (n = 711)5
1Indicates positive overall evidence.
2Unclear/mixed evidence.
3Indicates some effect.
4Indicates strong effect.
5Indicates neutral effect.
Intervention types refer to technology-enhanced physical activity modalities. App represents mobile health application–based intervention. Sample sizes (n) derived from meta-analytic or systematic review synthesis. ND: Not determined.
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