Exosomal microRNAs in common mental disorders: Mechanisms, biomarker potential and therapeutic implications

Table 7 Summary of changes of exosomal microRNAs in neurodevelopmental disorder

Disease	miRNAs	Alteration	Model	Type tissue	Significance	Ref.
ASD	miR-29b-3p	Increase	Mouse	Medial prefrontal cortex	Exosome-derived miR-29 b-3p negatively regulates IGF-1 in the mPFC	Chen et al[104]
	miR-21a-3p		ASD mouse models	Brian tissue	MiR-21a-3p/PI3K/Akt, as a signaling pathway, promotes neurogenesis and thus plays a regulatory role	Fu et al[105]
RTT	miR-21-5p		RTT mouse models	Brian tissue	Modulating the Epha4/TEK axis promotes early neurogenesis possible biomarker for RTT	Pan et al[40]

ASD: Autism spectrum disorder; RTT: Rett syndrome; miRNA: MicroRNA; PI3K: Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; Akt: Protein kinase B; IGF: Insulin like growth factor; mPFC: Medial prefrontal cortex.