Exosomal microRNAs in common mental disorders: Mechanisms, biomarker potential and therapeutic implications

Table 5 Summary of changes of exosomal microRNAs in major depressive disorder

miRNAs	Alteration	Model	Type tissue	Significance	Ref.
miR-146a, miR-155	Increase	Human patients	Blood sample	Interference by negative regulation of the TLR4 signaling pathway. It provides a potential diagnostic and therapeutic approach for MDD	Figueroa-Hall et al[96]
miR-21-5p, miR-145, miR-146a, miR-155	Decrease	Human patients	Serum	Exosomal miRNA may play an important role in predicting the response to antidepressant drugs	Hung et al[97]
miR-9-5p	Increase	MDD mouse models, MDD cell models	Serum, cell	It polarizes M1 of microglia, leading to further neuronal damage. Possible be a new therapeutic target for MDD	Hung et al[98]
miR-144-5p	Decrease	MDD mouse models	Hippocampus	Mediated by the PI3K/Akt/FoxO1 signaling pathway. A new potential therapeutic target	Xian et al[99]
miR-139-5p	Increase	MDD mouse models	Serum, hippocampus	It is activated during stress and mediates depression-like behavior in mice. A potential new approach to the diagnosis and treatment of MDD	Wei et al[39]
miR-139-5p	Decrease	Human patients	Serum	A promising biomarker for diagnosing MDD	Wu et al[100]
miR-186-5p	Decrease	MDD mouse models	Hippocampus	The exosome SERPINF1 in peripheral blood uses miR-186-5p as a potential therapeutic target for this disease	Liang et al[101]

miRNA: MicroRNA; MDD: Major depressive disorder; TLR4: Toll-like receptor 4; PI3K: Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; Akt: Protein kinase B.