Exosomal microRNAs in common mental disorders: Mechanisms, biomarker potential and therapeutic implications

Table 2 Summary of changes of exosomal microRNAs in Alzheimer’s disease patients

miRNA	Alteration	Model	Type tissue	Significance	Ref.
miR-320a, miR-328-3p, miR-204-5p	Decrease	Human patients	CSF	Potential targets for miR-328-3p involve AMPK signaling pathways associated with amyloid and tau metabolism in AD. Reliable biomarkers of AD	Tan et al[73]
miR-455-3p	Increase	Human patients	CSF	A potential biomarker for AD	Kumar and Reddy[74]
miR-9, miR-21, miR29-b, miR-122, miR-132	Decrease	Human patients	Plasma	MiR-122 is related to alpha-tocopherol and may be a new targeted therapy	Boccardi et al[75]
miR-125b, miR-451a	Increase	Human patients	Peripheral blood	It plays a role through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Possible biomarker for AD	Duan et al[76]
miR-342-5p	Increase	Human patients	Peripheral blood	Degradation of BACE1 mRNA in cells by targeting the 3’UTR sequence of BACE1 ameliorates β-Amyloid formation	Dong et al[77]
miR-16-5p, miR-25-3p, miR-92a-3p, miR-451a	Decrease	Human patients	Plasma	May have been involved in the early development of AD	Visconte et al[78]
miR-373, miR-204	Decrease	Human patients	Peripheral blood	Potential biomarkers for AD	Taşdelen et al[79]
miR-30b-5p, miR-22-3p, miR-378a-3p	Decrease	Human patients	Peripheral blood	Potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of AD	Dong et al[80]
miR-483-5p, miR-502-5p	Decrease	Human patients	Plasma	Possible biomarker for AD	Liu et al[81]
miR-29c-3p	Increase	Human patients	Plasma	Possible biomarker for AD	Li et al[82]
miR-23a	Increase	Human patients	Plasma	Possible biomarker for AD	Barbagallo et al[83]
miR-126-3p, miR-142-3p, miR-146a-5p, miR-223-3p	Decrease	Human patients	CSF and peripheral blood	As a biomarker reflecting AD severity	Aharon et al[84]
miR-384	Increase	Human patients	CSF and plasma	MiR-384 downregulates the expression and activity of ACE-1 to alleviate AD symptoms	Li et al[85]
miR-485-3p	Increase	Human patients	Saliva	Possible biomarker and treatment for AD	Ryu et al[86]
miR-486-3P	Increase	Human patients	Brain tissue and peripheral blood	Possible biomarker for AD	Cheng et al[87]
miR-185-5p		Human patients	Blood sample	Education decreased AD expression, depression increased AD expression, and participated in the production and accumulation of Aβ in patients, and enhanced depression, which participated in the production and accumulation of Aβ	Wang et al[88]

miRNA: MicroRNA; AD: Alzheimer’s disease; CSF: Cerebrospinal fluid; AMPK: Adenosine 5’-monophosphate-activated protein kinase; PI3K: Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; Akt: Protein kinase B; 3’UTR: 3’untranslated region.