Startle response and its prepulse modification in health and under different psychopathologies: Could we find any specific patterns?

Table 7 Summary of studies on prepulse inhibition and prepulse facilitation of the startle response in cohorts of participants with neurodegenerative disorders, mean ± SD

Ref.	Groups (group size)	Mean age	Side of recording	Lead interval, ms	PPI	PPF
Aygün et al[108]	REM sleep disorders (19)/Contr (17)	43.8 ± 7.60	Left	200	REM sleep disorders < Contr	NA
Zoetmulder et al[109]	REM sleep disorders (12)/PD (40)/MSA (10)/Contr (20)	56.3 ± 13.0; 62.7 ± 6.6; 63.4 ± 6.7; 56.4 ± 10.0	Right	30, 60, 120, 300	MSA < Contr at 60 ms and 120 ms	NA
Hanzlíková et al[110]	Functiomal movement disorders (22)/Contr (22)	47.5 ± 9.8	Left and right	100 (electrical stimulation)	Functional movement disorders < Contr	NA
Millian-Morell et al[111]	PD (54)/Contr (35)	70.4 ± 9.8	Right	60, 120, 1000	PD > Contr at LI 120 ms	PD > Contr
Aziz[112]	Mild AD (20)/first degree (20)/Contr (30)	79.4 ± 4.7	Right	30, 60, 120, 2000	Mild AD < Contr/first degree < Contr (trend) at LI 120 ms	No difference
Ueki et al[113]	Mild AD (20)/first degree relatives (20)/Contr (30)	70.5 ± 5.7	Right	50	Mild AD < Contr/first degree relatives > Contr	NA
Salem et al[114]	AD + MCI (22)/Contr (33)	72.6 ± 4.3	Right	30, 60, 120	No difference	NA
Hejl et al[115]	AD (26)/MCI (22)/Contr (49)	73.1 ± 3.5	Right	30, 60, 120	No difference	NA
Swerdlow et al[116]	HD (22)/Contr (22)	45.2 ± 6.4	Right	30, 60, 120 acoustic and tactile	HD < Contr across al LI	NA

PPI: Prepulse inhibition; PPF: Prepulse facilitation; Contr: Healthy control; PD: Parkinson disease; REM: Rapid eye movements; MSA: multiple system atrophy; AD: Alzheimer’s disease; MCI: Mild cognitive impairment; HD: Huntington disease.