Startle response and its prepulse modification in health and under different psychopathologies: Could we find any specific patterns?

Table 6 Summary of studies on prepulse inhibition and prepulse facilitation of the startle response in cohorts of participants with autistic spectrum disorders, mean ± SD

Ref.	Groups (group size)	Mean age	Side of recording	Lead interval, ms	PPI	PPF
McAlonan et al[101]	Autistic (12)/Contr (14)	32.5 ± 8.2	Right	30, 60, 120	Autistic < Contr at LI 120 ms	NA
Perry et al[102]	Autistic (14)/Contr (16)	28.7 ± 5.4	Right	30, 60, 120	Autistic < Contr at LI 60 ms	NA
Yuhas et al[103]	FXS - A (17)/FXS + A (15)/IA (15)/Contr (18)	16.4 ± 1.8	Not specified	60, 120, 240	FXS - A < Contr FXS + A < Contr IA vs Contr; no diffference	NA
Sinclair et al[104]	MCDD (11)/autistic (12)/Contr (11)	11.4 ± 1.3; 11.8 ± 1.7; 11.1 ± 1.9	Not specified	120	No difference	NA
Kohl et al[105]	Autistic (17)/Contr (17)	41.8 ± 8.1	Right	60, 120, 240	No difference	NA
Madsen et al[106]	Autistic (18)/Contr (34)	11.2 ± 0.8	Right	60, 120	Autistic > Contr at LI 120 ms	NA
Takahashi et al[107]	Autistic (17)/Contr (27)	11.3 ± 1.2	Right	120	No difference in PPI, ASR amplitude; autistic > Contr at low pulse intensity	NA

PPI: Prepulse inhibition; PPF: Prepulse facilitation; Contr: Healthy control; NA: Not applicable; MCDD: Multiple complex developmental disorders; IA: Idiopathic autism; FXS: Fragile X syndrome; A: Autism.