Relationship between sleep disturbances and depressive symptoms in patients after general anesthesia: A retrospective case-control study

Table 9 Results of mediation effect analysis

Path/effect type	Coefficient (β)	SE	t	P value	95%CI
PSQI → CRP (a path)	0.32	0.09	3.56	< 0.001a	(0.14, 0.50)
CRP → HAMD (b path)	0.56	0.15	3.73	< 0.001a	(0.26, 0.85)
PSQI → HAMD (total effect, c)	0.49	0.08	6.13	< 0.001a	(0.33, 0.64)
PSQI → HAMD (direct effect, c′)	0.31	0.09	3.44	< 0.001a	(0.13, 0.49)
Indirect effect (a × b)	0.18	0.07 (Boot SE)	-	< 0.001a	(0.05, 0.30) (Bootstrap 95%CI)

^aP < 0.001, all paths (Bootstrap 95%CI does not include 0).

The indirect effect was estimated using 5000 Bootstrap resamples. The Bootstrap 95%CI did not include zero, indicating a statistically significant partial mediation effect of CRP on the relationship between PSQI and HAMD. CRP: C-reactive protein; PSQI: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; HAMD: Hamilton Depression Rating Scale.