Effects of combined preconception and prenatal myo-inositol, probiotics, and trace element supplementation on the outcomes of depressed mothers

Table 1 Baseline characteristics

Parameters	Control group (n = 153)	Intervention group (n = 161)	t/χ2	P value
Age (year), mean ± SD	27.25 ± 2.17	27.36 ± 2.61	0.416	0.678
BMI (kg/m2), mean ± SD	23.68 ± 2.74	23.71 ± 2.83	0.084	0.933
Marital status (married/other)	149 (97.39)/4 (2.61)	151 (93.79)/10 (6.21)	2.382	0.123
Educational level			0.555	0.758
Junior high school	51 (33.33)	48 (29.81)
High school and vocational school	42 (27.45)	49 (30.43)
College and above	60 (39.22)	64 (39.75)
Smoker	6 (3.92)	8 (4.97)	0.202	0.653
Household income (monthly)			0.071	0.965
< 10000 RMB	38 (24.84)	39 (24.22)
10000-20000 RMB	78 (50.98)	81 (50.31)
> 20000 RMB	37 (24.18)	41 (25.47)
Compliance	122 (79.74)	133 (82.61)	0.424	0.515
Nulliparous	105 (68.63)	115 (71.43)	0.293	0.588
Infant sex (male/female)	70 (45.75)	77 (47.83)	0.136	0.713
Any breastfeeding	146 (95.42)	157 (97.52)	1.014	0.314
All preterm deliveries (< 37 weeks)	13 (8.50)	9 (5.59)	1.017	0.313
PPROM	9 (5.88)	4 (2.48)	2.282	0.131
Major postpartum hemorrhage	8 (5.23)	4 (2.48)	1.607	0.205
GDM	36 (23.53)	21 (13.04)	5.806	0.016
Severe nausea and vomiting	24 (15.69)	19 (11.80)	1.002	0.317
Gestational hypertension	14 (9.15)	6 (3.73)	3.869	0.049
Preeclampsia	6 (3.92)	4 (2.48)	0.163	0.687
Chronic hypertension with superimposed preeclampsia	5 (3.27)	2 (1.24)	0.694	0.405
Zung self-rating depression scale	45.75 ± 4.26	45.37 ± 4.65	0.75	0.454

Data are presented as n (%). BMI: Body mass index; PPROM: Preterm premature rupture of membranes; GDM: Gestational diabetes mellitus; SD: Standard deviation.