Prevalence and risk factors of depressive and anxiety symptoms and functional constipation among university students in Eastern China

Table 4 Gender-stratified analysis of risk factors for depressive and anxiety symptoms

Risk factor	Depressive symptoms					Anxiety symptoms
	Male (n = 6197)		Female (n = 6524)		P value for interaction1 (n = 12721)	Male (n = 6197)		Female (n = 6524)		P value for interaction1 (n = 12721)
	OR	95%CI	OR	95%CI		OR	95%CI	OR	95%CI
Age group (years)					< 0.001					< 0.001
17–19	1		1			1		1
20–25	1.048	0.898–1.223	1.079	0.942–1.236		0.865	0.760–0.985	0.915	0.817–1.025
Smoking					0.016					0.056
No	1		1			1		1
Yes	1.369	1.060–1.769	0.839	0.649–1.085		1.245	0.994–1.558	0.944	0.752–1.185
Parental relationship					< 0.001					< 0.001
Harmony	1		1			1		1
Moderate	2.817	2.321–3.418	3.886	3.262–4.628		2.561	2.167–3.027	2.790	2.389–3.258
Conflict	7.661	5.694–10.309	8.009	6.059–10.586		5.946	4.466–7.917	4.262	3.250–5.589
Annual household income					< 0.001					< 0.001
Better	1		1			1		1
Good	1.483	1.214–1.811	1.183	0.990–1.415		1.317	1.122–1.546	1.285	1.113–1.483
Fair	2.712	2.207–3.332	1.619	1.352–1.938		2.048	1.715–2.445	1.678	1.439–1.958
Functional constipation					< 0.001					0.061
No	1		1			1		1
Yes	1.628	1.372–1.930	1.954	1.676–2.278		0.861	0.736–1.007	0.985	0.857–1.133

¹P value for interaction between gender and risk factors.

OR: Odds ratio.