Catatonia and autism spectrum disorder: A common comorbid syndrome or a core feature?

Table 2 Summary of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV-TR diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder

Qualitative impairment in social interaction, as manifested by two of the following	Qualitative impairment in communication as manifested by at least one of the following	Restricted repetitive and stereotyped patterns of behavior, interest, and activities, as manifested by at least one of the following
Marked impairment in the use of multiple nonverbal behaviors such as eye-to-eye gaze, facial expression, body posture, and gestures that regulate social interaction	Delay in, or total lack of, the development of spoken language (not accompanied by an attempt to compensate through alternative modes of communication such as gestures or mime)	Encompassing preoccupation with one or more stereotyped and restricted patterns of interest that are abnormal either in intensity or focus
Failure to develop peer relationships appropriate to the developmental level (e.g., by a lack of showing, bringing, or pointing out the object of interest)	In individuals with adequate speech, marked impairment in the ability to initiate or sustain a conversation with others	Inflexible adherence to specific, nonfunctional routines or rituals
Lack of social or emotional reciprocity	Stereotyped and repetitive use of language or idiosyncratic language	Stereotyped and repetitive motor manners (e.g., hand or finger flapping or twisting or complex whole-body movement)
	Lack of varied, spontaneous make-believe play or social imitative play appropriate to the developmental level	Persistent preoccupation with parts of objects