Meta-analysis of the effects of multimodal physical therapy on improving depression

Table 3 Moderator analysis on physical activity characteristics

Physical activity characteristics	Number of participants	Impact size estimates	95%CI	SMD	P values	Variability	Meta-regression
Type of exercise
Exercise treatment without sports	287	11	-0. 94 to -0.25	-0.65	P = 0.001	P = 0.24, df = 10, Q = 9.34, T2 = 0.0317, I2 = 8.5%	Between Q = 0, P = 0.01, df = 1
Game-based physical activity	195	5	-0.204 to -0.21	-0.67	P = 0.1015	P = 0.02, df = 4, Q = 8.64, T2 = 0.1565, I2 = 70.9%
Energy levels
Low	145	5	-0.56 to 0.34	-0.09	P = 0.5455	P = 0.95, Q = 0.46, df = 1, T2 = 0, I2 = 0%	Between Q = 7.72, P = 0.02, df = 1
Medium	185	6	-0.37 to -0.56	-0.96	P = 0.0002	Q = 5.7, P = 0.20, df = 2, T2 = 0.0745, I2 = 34.9%
High	135	6	-0.96 to -0.23	-0.74	P = 0.0056	Q = 3.23, P = 0.65, df = 5, T2 = 0, I2 = 0%
Environment
Physical exercise and educational atmosphere	201	8	-0.87 to -0.07	-0.58	P = 0.0157	Q = 4.14, P = 0.75, df = 6, T2 = 0, I2 = 0%	Between Q = 0.95, P = 0.29, df = 1
Physical activity	245	8	-3.03 to -0.18	-0.74	P = 0.00475	Q = 13.45, P = 0.03, df = 6, T2 = 0.1423, I2 = 67.3%
Duration of therapy with physical activity
Session duration	-	-	-	-	-	-	Q-balance = 0.46, P = 0.36, df = 1, R2 = 0%
Weekly session count	-	-	-	-	-	-	Q-balance = 0.06, P = 0.65, df = 1, R2 = 0%
Total number of weeks	-	-	-	-	-	-	Q-balance = 0.44, P = 0.53, df = 1, R2 = 0%
Total duration	-	-	-	-	-	-	Q-balance = 0.001, P = 0.01, df = 1, R2 = 0%

CI: Confidence interval; SMD: Standardized mean deviation.