Tanshinone IIA improves Alzheimer’s disease via RNA nuclear-enriched abundant transcript 1/microRNA-291a-3p/member RAS oncogene family Rab22a axis

Figure 5 Neuroprotective effects of tanshinone IIA as mediated through the nuclear-enriched abundant transcript 1/miR-291a-3p/Rab22a axis. A: 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide analysis of the role of nuclear-enriched abundant transcript 1 (NEAT1)/miR-291a-3p/Rab22a axis in the improvement of cell viability in amyloid-beta 1-42 (Aβ1-42)-induced neural stem cells (NSCs) following tanshinone IIA (Tan-IIA) treatment; B: Flow cytometry analysis of the role of the NEAT1/miR-291a-3p/Rab22a axis in Tan-IIA ameliorating Aβ1-42-induced apoptosis in NSCs; C: 2’,7’-dichlorofluorescin diacetate analysis of the role of the NEAT1/miR-291a-3p/Rab22a axis in Tan-IIA ameliorating Aβ1-42-induced reactive oxygen species levels in NSCs; D-J: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis of the role of NEAT1/miR-291a-3p/Rab22a axis in Tan-IIA to ameliorate oxidative stress factors (malondialdehyde; nitric oxide; superoxide dismutase; and glutathione) and neuroinflammation (tumor necrosis factor-alpha; interleukin 1β; and interleukin 6) in Aβ1-42-induced NSCs; K: Western blots indicating the role of the NEAT1/miR-291a-3p/Rab22a axis in the mechanism of Tan-IIA improving the role of Rab22a, p65, p-p65, Bax, and Bcl-2 protein levels in NSCs induced by Aβ1-42; L: Western blots showing the effect of Tan-IIA treatment on the protein levels of p65, p-p65, B-cell lymphoma 2-associated X protein, and B-cell lymphoma 2 in AD mice. ^aP < 0.05, ^bP < 0.01, ^cP < 0.001. PI: Propidium iodide; FITC: Fluorescein isothiocyanate; Aβ1-42: Amyloid-beta 1-42; Tan-IIA: Tanshinone IIA; ROS: Reactive oxygen species; MDA: Malondialdehyde; NO: Nitric oxide; SOD: Superoxide dismutase; GSH: Glutathione; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha; IL-1β: Interleukin 1β; IL-6: Interleukin 6; NEAT1: Nuclear-enriched abundant transcript 1; NF-κB: Nuclear factor kappa-B; Bcl-2: B-cell lymphoma 2; Bax: B-cell lymphoma 2-associated X protein; AD: Alzheimer’s disease.