Tanshinone IIA improves Alzheimer’s disease via RNA nuclear-enriched abundant transcript 1/microRNA-291a-3p/member RAS oncogene family Rab22a axis

Figure 2 Protective effects of tanshinone IIA in murine neural stem cells induced with amyloid-beta 1-42 peptides. A: Immunofluorescent identification of neural stem cells (NSCs) for isolation, using DAPI stain (blue), microtubule-associated protein 2 (green), and β III tubulin (red); B-D: 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay of the effect of different amyloid-beta 1-42 (Aβ1-42) and tanshinone IIA (Tan-IIA) doses on NSC viability; E: Flow cytometry results indicating that different Tan-IIA doses improve the effect of Aβ1-42 on the apoptosis of NSCs; F: 2’,7’-dichlorofluorescin diacetate analysis of the reactive oxygen species ratio in NSCs, either with or without prior Tan-IIA treatment; G-N: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay results of different Tan-IIA doses in enhancing the effect of Aβ1-42 in improving levels of oxidative stress factors (malondialdehyde; nitric oxide; superoxide dismutase; glutathione) and neuroinflammation markers (tumor necrosis factor-alpha; interleukin 1β; interleukin 6) in NSCs; O: Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis of different Tan-IIA doses used to improve the effect of Aβ1-42 on nuclear-enriched abundant transcript 1 expression in NSCs. ^aP < 0.05, ^bP < 0.01, ^cP < 0.001. MAP2: Microtubule-associated protein 2; DMSO: Dimethyl sulfoxide; PI: Propidium iodide; FITC: Fluorescein isothiocyanate; Aβ1-42: Amyloid-beta 1-42; Tan-IIA: Tanshinone IIA; ROS: Reactive oxygen species; MDA: Malondialdehyde; NO: Nitric oxide; SOD: Superoxide dismutase; GSH: Glutathione; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha; IL-1β: Interleukin 1β; IL-6: Interleukin 6; NEAT1: Nuclear-enriched abundant transcript 1.