Understanding the intricate interactions between microbiota and host

Table 2 Studies on the therapeutic potential of gut microbiota in the treatment of various diseases

Microbiota-based intervention	Disease treated	Observations	Ref.
Bifidobacterium lactis and Lactobacillus rhamnosus	Colorectal cancer	Significant reduction in cancer proliferation and improved epithelial barrier function in patients under placebo-controlled trials	[135]
Lactobacillus reuteri	Gastric cancer	Human adenocarcinoma epithelial cells of the gastric tissue (AGS) treated with test strain showed reduced proliferation in dose-dependent manner	[136]
Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus paracasei	Cervical cancer	Upregulation of apoptotic genes such as BAX, caspase 3, caspase 8 and caspase 9, downregulation of BCl-2 gene observed in HeLa cells	[137]
Fecal microbiota transplantation	Clostridium difficile infection	Full primary or secondary response was achieved in 7 patients, with no serious after-effects contrary to metronidazole-treated control group	[138]
Faecal microbiota transplantation	Ulcerative colitis		[139]
Fecal microbiota transplant	Recurrent hepatic encephalopathy	Improved cognition and dysbiosis	[140]