Intensive care unit complications and outcomes of adult patients with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: A retrospective study of 16 cases

Table 3 Intensive care unit complications in patients with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (Total number of patients = 16)

ICU complications	n (%)
Mechanical ventilation	12 (75)
Septic shock	14 (88)
AKI	13 (81)
With renal replacement therapy	10
Without renal replacement therapy	3
Acute liver failure	8 (50)
Clinically significant bleeding	10 (62)
GI bleed	4
Intracerebral bleed	2
Hemoptysis	1
Retroperitoneal bleed	1
Epistaxis	1
Hematoma-neck	1
DIC	9 (56)
ARDS	4 (25)
With ECMO	2
Without ECMO	2
Pneumonia	6 (37)
Bacterial	3
Fungal	3
Viral/others	0
Acute encephalopathy	5 (31)
Stress cardiomyopathy	2 (12)
Arrythmias (Atrial, ventricular)	4 (25)
Bloodstream infections	10 (62)
Bacteremia	9
Gram positive organisms	2
Gram negative organisms	7
Fungemia	1
MSOF	12 (75)
Tracheostomy	3 (19)
Mortality
30 d	6 (37)
90 d	13 (81)
Miscellaneous (Seizures, perforated viscus, cardiogenic shock requiring IABP, intra-abdominal abscess)	5 (31)

ICU: Intensive care unit; ARDS: Acute respiratory distress syndrome; AKI: Acute kidney injury; DIC: Disseminated intravascular coagulation; ECMO: Extracorporeal support; MSOF: Multi system organ failure.