Intensive care unit complications and outcomes of adult patients with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: A retrospective study of 16 cases

Table 1 Descriptive statistics of 16 intensive care unit patients with hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis [expressed as median (IQR)] n (%)

Parameter	Value
Age (yr)	49 (26-61)
Sex
Male	10 (63)
Female	6 (37)
SOFA score on ICU admission	10 (7-15)
Time from hospital to ICU admission	0.5 (0-7)
Time to diagnose HLH (d)	3 (1-7)
Immunodeficiency	11 (69)
HIV infection	2
Malignancy	7
Autoimmune (SLE, autoimmune hemolytic anemia)	2
Precipitating factors
Infection only	5 (31)
Pneumonia	2
EBV	2
Typhoid fever	1
Malignancy only	2 (13)
Diffuse large B cell lymphoma	1
T cell lymphoma	1
Infection and malignancy combined	5 (31)
EBV and plasmablastic lymphoma	1
EBV and Hodgkin lymphoma	1
EBV and diffuse large B cell lymphoma	1
EBV and NK cell leukemia	1
EBV associated lymphoproliferative disorder	1
Idiopathic	4 (25)
Number of HLH criteria met	5 (5-6)
Principal reason for ICU admission
Severe sepsis/septic shock	9 (56)
Acute respiratory failure	4 (25)
GI Bleed	2 (13)
Acute encephalopathy	1 (6)
ICU length of stay (d)	11.5 (5-29)
Hospital length of stay (d)	29 (17-40)
Prior history of HLH	3 (19)
Biopsies performed	23
Bone marrow	13
Liver	4
Lymph node	3
Skin	2
Lung	1
Bi/pancytopenia on ICU admission	10 (63)
Hemophagocytosis seen on bone marrow biopsy (out of total)	10 (77)
Chemotherapy received	15 (94)

HLH: Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis; ICU: Intensive care unit; SOFA: Sequential organ failure assessment; HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus; SLE: Systemic lupus erythematosus; EBV: Epstein-Barr virus; NK: Natural killer.