Impact of perioperative hyponatremia in children: A narrative review

Table 3 Most commonly available crystalloid and human albumin solutions in Europe

Fluid	Na+	K+	Cl-	Lactate	Acetate	Glucose	Osmolarity	Tonicity
	(mmol/L)	(mmol/L)	(mmol/L)	(mmol/L)	(mmol/L)	monohydrate (g/L)	(mOsm/L)	(to plasma)
Isotonic NaCl	154	0	154	0	0	0	308 (iso-osmolar)	Isotonic
Ringer’s lactate	130	4	109	28	0	0	270 (iso-osmolar)	Isotonic
Ringer’s acetate	130	4	110	0	30	0	270 (iso-osmolar)	Isotonic
Darrow-glucose “SAD”	31	9	26	14	0	55	360 (hyperosmolar)	Hypotonic
Human albumin 5%	130-160	< 3	0	0	0	0	330 (hyperosmolar)	Isotonic
Human albumin 20%	100-160	< 3	0	0	0	0	300 (hyperosmolar)	Hypertonic
Glucosalin 2:1 (Glucose 3.3%/NaCl 0.3%)	51	0	51	0	0	33	287 (iso-osmolar)	Hypotonic
Glucose 2.5%/NaCl 0.45%	77	0	77	0	0	25	293 (iso-osmolar)	Hypotonic
Glucose 4%/NaCl 0.18%	31	0	31	0	0	40	284 (iso-osmolar)	Hypotonic
Glucose 5%/NaCl 0.45%	77	0	77	0	0	50	432 (hyperosmolar)	Hypotonic
Glucose 4.6%/NaCl 0.9%	154	0	154	0	0	46	561 (hyperosmolar)	Isotonic
Glucose 9.1%/NaCl 0.9%	154	0	154	0	0	91	813 (hyperosmolar)	Isotonic
Glucolyte (Glucose 5%/NaCl 0.3%/KCl 0.15%)	51	20	71	0	0	50	420 (hyperosmolar)	Hypotonic