Critical care hepatology: A narrative review of current concepts and management

Figure 2 Models of intensive care delivery in patients with liver failure: Structure vs integration two organizational approaches commonly used to deliver care for critically ill patients with liver disease are illustrated: Dedicated liver-focused intensive care units and general intensive care units supported by specialist hepatology consultation. Although these models differ in structure, both aim to provide timely transplant evaluation, standardized management of organ failure, and coordinated multidisciplinary care. Current evidence suggests that outcomes depend less on the physical setting itself than on effective integration between hepatology, intensive care, and transplant services, supported by protocolized pathways and access to specialized expertise. ICU: Intensive care unit; MILU: Medical intensive liver unit; MARS: Molecular adsorbent recirculating system; PEX: Plasma exchange; CAID: Cirrhosis-associated immune dysfunction; LT: Liver transplantation.