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Systematic Reviews
Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026.
World J Crit Care Med. Sep 9, 2026; 15(3): 122062
Published online Sep 9, 2026. doi: 10.5492/wjccm.122062
Table 2 Disease state under study and method of congestion measurement, n (%)
Variable
Number of studies
Disease state
Cardiac116 (80.0)
    Heart failure107
    Right heart failure1
    ACS6
    Cardiac surgery2
Pulmonary7 (4.8)
    Dyspnea4
    Pulmonary hypertension3
Gastrointestinal10 (6.9)
    Cirrhosis3
    Cardiac congestive hepatopathy6
    Cardiac induced intra-abdominal hypertension1
Renal8 (5.5)
    Dialysis 5 (3.4)
    Cardiac congestive nephropathy3 (2.1)
Peripheral congestion4 (2.8)
Method of identifying congestion
    Physical exam65 (44.8)
    Echocardiography56 (38.6)
    Lung ultrasound24 (16.6)
    Hepatic/abdominal ultrasound9 (6.2)
    Renal ultrasound5 (3.4)
Clinical congestion score used 40 (27.6)


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